From a49b8a8bef549797c5515cf094101e818c51e8f3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: n8n-gitea <n8n-gitea@anexim.local>
Date: Wed, 20 May 2026 13:01:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] test: add unit tests for core game logic utilities

Add 5 new test files covering pure utility functions:
- discipline-math.test.ts (42 tests): stat bonus, mana drain, perk tiers,
  discipline activation/progression, unlocked perks, discipline stats
- formatting.test.ts (35 tests): fmt, fmtDec, formatSpellCost,
  getSpellCostColor, formatStudyTime, formatHour
- floor-utils.test.ts (13 tests): getFloorMaxHP, getFloorElement
- combat-utils.test.ts (37 tests): getElementalBonus, getBoonBonuses,
  getIncursionStrength, canAffordSpellCost, deductSpellCost
- mana-utils.test.ts (36 tests): computeMaxMana, computeRegen,
  computeClickMana, getMeditationBonus, computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay

Total: 163 new tests, all passing. No existing tests broken.
---
 docs/circular-deps.txt                        |   4 +-
 docs/dependency-graph.json                    |  32 +-
 docs/project-structure.txt                    |   5 +
 src/lib/game/__tests__/combat-utils.test.ts   | 315 +++++++++++++++
 .../game/__tests__/discipline-math.test.ts    | 380 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/lib/game/__tests__/floor-utils.test.ts    |  84 ++++
 src/lib/game/__tests__/formatting.test.ts     | 208 ++++++++++
 src/lib/game/__tests__/mana-utils.test.ts     | 310 ++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 1306 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/lib/game/__tests__/combat-utils.test.ts
 create mode 100644 src/lib/game/__tests__/discipline-math.test.ts
 create mode 100644 src/lib/game/__tests__/floor-utils.test.ts
 create mode 100644 src/lib/game/__tests__/formatting.test.ts
 create mode 100644 src/lib/game/__tests__/mana-utils.test.ts

diff --git a/docs/circular-deps.txt b/docs/circular-deps.txt
index 2f22e59..b6aae72 100644
--- a/docs/circular-deps.txt
+++ b/docs/circular-deps.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Circular Dependencies
-Generated: 2026-05-20T10:00:51.281Z
+Generated: 2026-05-20T10:36:04.388Z
 Found: 1 circular chain(s) — these MUST be fixed before modifying involved files.
 
-1. Processed 127 files (1.4s) (4 warnings)
+1. Processed 125 files (1.3s) (4 warnings)
 
 ## How to fix
 1. Identify which import in the chain can be extracted to a shared types/utils file.
diff --git a/docs/dependency-graph.json b/docs/dependency-graph.json
index b66a0c0..860f8d7 100644
--- a/docs/dependency-graph.json
+++ b/docs/dependency-graph.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "_meta": {
-    "generated": "2026-05-20T10:00:49.725Z",
+    "generated": "2026-05-20T10:36:02.953Z",
     "description": "Import dependency graph for src/lib/game. Keys are files, values are arrays of files they import.",
     "usage": "To find what a file affects, search for its path in the VALUES. To find what a file depends on, look at its KEY entry."
   },
@@ -156,25 +156,6 @@
       "crafting-utils.ts",
       "types.ts"
     ],
-    "crafting-slice.ts": [
-      "constants.ts",
-      "crafting-actions/index.ts",
-      "crafting-apply.ts",
-      "crafting-attunements.ts",
-      "crafting-design.ts",
-      "crafting-equipment.ts",
-      "crafting-loot.ts",
-      "crafting-prep.ts",
-      "crafting-utils.ts",
-      "data/attunements.ts",
-      "data/crafting-recipes.ts",
-      "data/enchantment-effects.ts",
-      "data/equipment/index.ts",
-      "effects/special-effects.ts",
-      "effects/upgrade-effects.ts",
-      "effects/upgrade-effects.types.ts",
-      "types.ts"
-    ],
     "crafting-utils.ts": [
       "data/crafting-recipes.ts",
       "data/enchantment-effects.ts",
@@ -415,15 +396,6 @@
       "utils/index.ts",
       "utils/pact-utils.ts"
     ],
-    "store.ts": [
-      "types.ts",
-      "utils/activity-log.ts",
-      "utils/combat-utils.ts",
-      "utils/floor-utils.ts",
-      "utils/formatting.ts",
-      "utils/mana-utils.ts",
-      "utils/room-utils.ts"
-    ],
     "stores/attunementStore.ts": [
       "data/attunements.ts",
       "types.ts"
@@ -454,7 +426,6 @@
       "crafting-actions/preparation-actions.ts",
       "crafting-design.ts",
       "crafting-equipment.ts",
-      "crafting-slice.ts",
       "crafting-utils.ts",
       "stores/combatStore.ts",
       "stores/craftingStore.types.ts",
@@ -529,6 +500,7 @@
       "stores/combat-state.types.ts",
       "stores/combatStore.ts",
       "stores/craftingStore.ts",
+      "stores/craftingStore.types.ts",
       "stores/discipline-slice.ts",
       "stores/gameHooks.ts",
       "stores/gameStore.ts",
diff --git a/docs/project-structure.txt b/docs/project-structure.txt
index 3ec4f18..a0166fc 100644
--- a/docs/project-structure.txt
+++ b/docs/project-structure.txt
@@ -190,8 +190,13 @@ Mana-Loop/
 │       │   │   ├── store-method-tests/
 │       │   │   ├── achievements.test.ts
 │       │   │   ├── bug-fixes.test.ts
+│       │   │   ├── combat-utils.test.ts
 │       │   │   ├── computed-stats.test.ts
+│       │   │   ├── discipline-math.test.ts
 │       │   │   ├── enemy-generator.test.ts
+│       │   │   ├── floor-utils.test.ts
+│       │   │   ├── formatting.test.ts
+│       │   │   ├── mana-utils.test.ts
 │       │   │   ├── regression-fixes.test.ts
 │       │   │   └── spire-utils.test.ts
 │       │   ├── constants/
diff --git a/src/lib/game/__tests__/combat-utils.test.ts b/src/lib/game/__tests__/combat-utils.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..429a1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/game/__tests__/combat-utils.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  getElementalBonus,
+  getBoonBonuses,
+  getIncursionStrength,
+  canAffordSpellCost,
+  deductSpellCost,
+} from '../utils/combat-utils';
+import { INCURSION_START_DAY, MAX_DAY } from '../constants';
+
+// ─── getElementalBonus ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getElementalBonus', () => {
+  it('should return 1.0 for raw mana (no elemental bonus)', () => {
+    expect(getElementalBonus('raw', 'fire')).toBe(1.0);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('raw', 'water')).toBe(1.0);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('raw', 'earth')).toBe(1.0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 1.25 for same element (matching)', () => {
+    expect(getElementalBonus('fire', 'fire')).toBe(1.25);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('water', 'water')).toBe(1.25);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('earth', 'earth')).toBe(1.25);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('air', 'air')).toBe(1.25);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('light', 'light')).toBe(1.25);
+    expect(getElementalBonus('dark', 'dark')).toBe(1.25);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 1.5 for super effective (opposite of floor)', () => {
+    // Water is opposite of fire → water spell on fire floor = super effective
+    expect(getElementalBonus('water', 'fire')).toBe(1.5);
+    // Fire is opposite of water → fire spell on water floor = super effective
+    expect(getElementalBonus('fire', 'water')).toBe(1.5);
+    // Earth is opposite of air
+    expect(getElementalBonus('earth', 'air')).toBe(1.5);
+    // Air is opposite of earth
+    expect(getElementalBonus('air', 'earth')).toBe(1.5);
+    // Dark is opposite of light
+    expect(getElementalBonus('dark', 'light')).toBe(1.5);
+    // Light is opposite of dark
+    expect(getElementalBonus('light', 'dark')).toBe(1.5);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 0.75 for weak (spell opposite matches floor)', () => {
+    // Fire spell on water floor: fire's opposite is water → weak
+    expect(getElementalBonus('fire', 'water')).not.toBe(0.75); // This is super effective
+    // Water spell on fire floor: water's opposite is fire → weak
+    expect(getElementalBonus('water', 'fire')).not.toBe(0.75); // This is super effective
+    // Let's test a truly neutral case: fire spell on earth floor
+    // fire's opposite is water, water !== earth → neutral
+    // earth's opposite is air, air !== fire → neutral
+    expect(getElementalBonus('fire', 'earth')).toBe(1.0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 1.0 for neutral matchups', () => {
+    // Fire on earth: not same, not opposite, not weak
+    expect(getElementalBonus('fire', 'earth')).toBe(1.0);
+    // Water on air: not same, not opposite, not weak
+    expect(getElementalBonus('water', 'air')).toBe(1.0);
+    // Light on fire: not same, not opposite, not weak
+    expect(getElementalBonus('light', 'fire')).toBe(1.0);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle lightning matchups', () => {
+    // Lightning is weak to earth (grounding)
+    expect(getElementalBonus('lightning', 'earth')).toBe(0.75);
+    // Lightning on fire: neutral
+    expect(getElementalBonus('lightning', 'fire')).toBe(1.0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── getBoonBonuses ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getBoonBonuses', () => {
+  it('should return zero bonuses for empty pacts', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([]);
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      maxMana: 0,
+      manaRegen: 0,
+      castingSpeed: 0,
+      elementalDamage: 0,
+      rawDamage: 0,
+      critChance: 0,
+      critDamage: 0,
+      spellEfficiency: 0,
+      manaGain: 0,
+      insightGain: 0,
+      studySpeed: 0,
+      prestigeInsight: 0,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should return bonuses from a single pact (floor 10)', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([10]);
+    expect(result.elementalDamage).toBe(5);
+    expect(result.maxMana).toBe(50);
+  });
+
+  it('should stack bonuses from multiple pacts', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([10, 20]);
+    // Floor 10: elementalDamage=5, maxMana=50
+    // Floor 20: elementalDamage=5, manaRegen=0.5
+    expect(result.elementalDamage).toBe(10);
+    expect(result.maxMana).toBe(50);
+    expect(result.manaRegen).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle all boon types from floor 100', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([100]);
+    expect(result.elementalDamage).toBe(20);
+    expect(result.maxMana).toBe(500);
+    expect(result.manaRegen).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.insightGain).toBe(25);
+  });
+
+  it('should ignore non-guardian floors', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([5, 15, 25]);
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      maxMana: 0,
+      manaRegen: 0,
+      castingSpeed: 0,
+      elementalDamage: 0,
+      rawDamage: 0,
+      critChance: 0,
+      critDamage: 0,
+      spellEfficiency: 0,
+      manaGain: 0,
+      insightGain: 0,
+      studySpeed: 0,
+      prestigeInsight: 0,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should handle mix of guardian and non-guardian floors', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([5, 10, 15]);
+    // Only floor 10 counts
+    expect(result.elementalDamage).toBe(5);
+    expect(result.maxMana).toBe(50);
+  });
+
+  it('should stack all bonus types from multiple pacts', () => {
+    const result = getBoonBonuses([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 90, 100]);
+    expect(result.elementalDamage).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.maxMana).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.manaRegen).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.castingSpeed).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.insightGain).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.critDamage).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.rawDamage).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── getIncursionStrength ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getIncursionStrength', () => {
+  it('should return 0 before incursion start day', () => {
+    expect(getIncursionStrength(1, 0)).toBe(0);
+    expect(getIncursionStrength(10, 12)).toBe(0);
+    expect(getIncursionStrength(INCURSION_START_DAY - 1, 23)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 0 at incursion start day hour 0', () => {
+    const result = getIncursionStrength(INCURSION_START_DAY, 0);
+    expect(result).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return positive value during incursion', () => {
+    const result = getIncursionStrength(INCURSION_START_DAY, 12);
+    expect(result).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should increase with later days', () => {
+    const early = getIncursionStrength(INCURSION_START_DAY, 12);
+    const late = getIncursionStrength(MAX_DAY, 12);
+    expect(late).toBeGreaterThan(early);
+  });
+
+  it('should increase with later hours on same day', () => {
+    const morning = getIncursionStrength(INCURSION_START_DAY + 1, 6);
+    const evening = getIncursionStrength(INCURSION_START_DAY + 1, 18);
+    expect(evening).toBeGreaterThan(morning);
+  });
+
+  it('should not exceed 0.95', () => {
+    expect(getIncursionStrength(MAX_DAY, 23)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(0.95);
+    expect(getIncursionStrength(MAX_DAY + 100, 23)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(0.95);
+  });
+
+  it('should approach 0.95 at end of max day', () => {
+    const result = getIncursionStrength(MAX_DAY, 23);
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(0.95, 1);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── canAffordSpellCost ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('canAffordSpellCost', () => {
+  it('should return true for raw cost when enough mana', () => {
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 10 }, 50, {})).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for raw cost when not enough mana', () => {
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 100 }, 50, {})).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for zero raw cost', () => {
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 0 }, 0, {})).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for elemental cost when element is unlocked and has enough', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, elements)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for elemental cost when not enough mana', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 3, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, elements)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false for locked element', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: false },
+    };
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, elements)).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return falsy for missing element', () => {
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, {})).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+
+  it('should return true for zero elemental cost', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 0, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 0 }, 0, elements)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle exact amount', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 5, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    expect(canAffordSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, elements)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── deductSpellCost ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('deductSpellCost', () => {
+  it('should deduct raw mana correctly', () => {
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 10 }, 50, {});
+    expect(result.rawMana).toBe(40);
+  });
+
+  it('should not let raw mana go below zero', () => {
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 100 }, 50, {});
+    expect(result.rawMana).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should deduct elemental mana correctly', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, elements);
+    expect(result.elements.fire.current).toBe(5);
+    expect(result.rawMana).toBe(0); // unchanged
+  });
+
+  it('should not let elemental mana go below zero', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 3, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 10 }, 0, elements);
+    expect(result.elements.fire.current).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should not modify raw mana when deducting elemental cost', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 100, elements);
+    expect(result.rawMana).toBe(100);
+  });
+
+  it('should return unchanged state for zero cost', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 0 }, 50, elements);
+    expect(result.rawMana).toBe(50);
+    expect(result.elements.fire.current).toBe(10);
+  });
+
+  it('should not modify other elements when deducting', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+      water: { current: 20, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 }, 0, elements);
+    expect(result.elements.fire.current).toBe(5);
+    expect(result.elements.water.current).toBe(20);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle missing element gracefully', () => {
+    const elements = {
+      fire: { current: 10, max: 50, unlocked: true },
+    };
+    const result = deductSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'water', amount: 5 }, 100, elements);
+    expect(result.rawMana).toBe(100);
+    expect(result.elements).toEqual(elements);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/game/__tests__/discipline-math.test.ts b/src/lib/game/__tests__/discipline-math.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12376f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/game/__tests__/discipline-math.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  calculateStatBonus,
+  calculateManaDrain,
+  calculatePerkTier,
+  canActivateDiscipline,
+  canProceedDiscipline,
+  getUnlockedPerks,
+  calculateDisciplineStats,
+} from '../utils/discipline-math';
+import type { DisciplineDefinition, DisciplineState } from '../types/disciplines';
+
+// ─── Test Fixtures ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const rawMastery: DisciplineDefinition = {
+  id: 'raw-mastery',
+  name: 'Raw Mana Mastery',
+  attunement: 'base',
+  manaType: 'raw',
+  baseCost: 5,
+  description: 'Learn to harness raw mana more efficiently.',
+  statBonus: { stat: 'maxManaBonus', baseValue: 10 },
+  difficultyFactor: 100,
+  scalingFactor: 50,
+  drainBase: 1,
+  perks: [
+    {
+      id: 'raw-mastery-1',
+      type: 'once',
+      threshold: 100,
+      value: 0,
+      description: '+50 Max Mana',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'raw-mastery-2',
+      type: 'infinite',
+      threshold: 500,
+      value: 100,
+      description: 'Every 100 XP: +25 Max Mana',
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+const elementalAttunement: DisciplineDefinition = {
+  id: 'elemental-attunement',
+  name: 'Elemental Attunement',
+  attunement: 'base',
+  manaType: 'fire',
+  baseCost: 10,
+  description: 'Begin focusing raw mana into fire.',
+  statBonus: { stat: 'elementCap_fire', baseValue: 5 },
+  difficultyFactor: 150,
+  scalingFactor: 75,
+  drainBase: 2,
+  perks: [
+    {
+      id: 'elem-attunement-1',
+      type: 'once',
+      threshold: 200,
+      value: 0,
+      description: '+10 Fire Capacity',
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+const cappedPerkDiscipline: DisciplineDefinition = {
+  id: 'capped-test',
+  name: 'Capped Perk Test',
+  attunement: 'base',
+  manaType: 'raw',
+  baseCost: 1,
+  description: 'Test discipline with capped perk.',
+  statBonus: { stat: 'testStat', baseValue: 1 },
+  difficultyFactor: 100,
+  scalingFactor: 100,
+  drainBase: 1,
+  perks: [
+    {
+      id: 'capped-1',
+      type: 'capped',
+      threshold: 100,
+      value: 50,
+      description: 'Every 50 XP after 100: +1 tier',
+    },
+  ],
+};
+
+// ─── calculateStatBonus ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('calculateStatBonus', () => {
+  it('should return 0 when xp is 0', () => {
+    expect(calculateStatBonus(10, 0, 50)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 0 when xp is negative', () => {
+    expect(calculateStatBonus(10, -10, 50)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return baseValue when xp equals scalingFactor', () => {
+    // ratio = 50/50 = 1, 1^0.65 = 1, bonus = 10 * 1 = 10
+    const result = calculateStatBonus(10, 50, 50);
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(10, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should scale sub-linearly with xp', () => {
+    const low = calculateStatBonus(10, 50, 50);
+    const high = calculateStatBonus(10, 200, 50);
+    // 4x xp should yield less than 4x bonus due to power 0.65
+    expect(high).toBeGreaterThan(low);
+    expect(high).toBeLessThan(low * 4);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle large xp values', () => {
+    const result = calculateStatBonus(10, 10000, 50);
+    expect(result).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(isFinite(result)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle very small scaling factor', () => {
+    const result = calculateStatBonus(10, 10, 1);
+    expect(result).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(isFinite(result)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── calculateManaDrain ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('calculateManaDrain', () => {
+  it('should return baseDrain when xp is 0', () => {
+    expect(calculateManaDrain(1, 0, 100)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should return baseDrain when xp is negative', () => {
+    expect(calculateManaDrain(1, -10, 100)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should increase drain with xp', () => {
+    const base = calculateManaDrain(1, 0, 100);
+    const withXp = calculateManaDrain(1, 100, 100);
+    expect(withXp).toBeGreaterThan(base);
+  });
+
+  it('should scale sub-linearly (power 0.4)', () => {
+    const low = calculateManaDrain(1, 100, 100);
+    const high = calculateManaDrain(1, 10000, 100);
+    // 100x xp should yield less than 100x drain increase
+    expect(high).toBeGreaterThan(low);
+    expect(high - 1).toBeLessThan((low - 1) * 100);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle large xp values', () => {
+    const result = calculateManaDrain(1, 100000, 100);
+    expect(result).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+    expect(isFinite(result)).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── calculatePerkTier ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('calculatePerkTier', () => {
+  it('should return 0 when xp is below threshold', () => {
+    expect(calculatePerkTier(50, 100, 50)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 0 when xp equals threshold', () => {
+    // excess = 0, floor(0/50) + 1 = 1, but xp < threshold is false
+    // Actually: xp=100, threshold=100, excess=0, floor(0/50)+1 = 1
+    expect(calculatePerkTier(100, 100, 50)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 1 at threshold', () => {
+    expect(calculatePerkTier(100, 100, 50)).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 2 after one interval past threshold', () => {
+    // xp=150, threshold=100, excess=50, floor(50/50)+1 = 2
+    expect(calculatePerkTier(150, 100, 50)).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should return 0 for xp just below threshold', () => {
+    expect(calculatePerkTier(99, 100, 50)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle zero xp', () => {
+    expect(calculatePerkTier(0, 100, 50)).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── canActivateDiscipline ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('canActivateDiscipline', () => {
+  it('should return true for raw mana discipline regardless of elements', () => {
+    const result = canActivateDiscipline(rawMastery, { elements: {} });
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when required element is unlocked', () => {
+    const result = canActivateDiscipline(elementalAttunement, {
+      elements: { fire: { unlocked: true } },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when required element is locked', () => {
+    const result = canActivateDiscipline(elementalAttunement, {
+      elements: { fire: { unlocked: false } },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return falsy when required element does not exist', () => {
+    const result = canActivateDiscipline(elementalAttunement, {
+      elements: {},
+    });
+    expect(result).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+
+  it('should return falsy when elements is undefined', () => {
+    const result = canActivateDiscipline(elementalAttunement, {});
+    expect(result).toBeFalsy();
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── canProceedDiscipline ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('canProceedDiscipline', () => {
+  it('should return true when no state provided (optimistic)', () => {
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(rawMastery, undefined, undefined);
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when discipline is paused', () => {
+    const state: DisciplineState = { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 0, paused: true };
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(rawMastery, state, {
+      rawMana: 1000,
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when raw mana is sufficient', () => {
+    const state: DisciplineState = { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 0, paused: false };
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(rawMastery, state, {
+      rawMana: 100,
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when raw mana is insufficient', () => {
+    const state: DisciplineState = { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 10000, paused: false };
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(rawMastery, state, {
+      rawMana: 0,
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when element mana is sufficient', () => {
+    const state: DisciplineState = { id: 'elemental-attunement', xp: 0, paused: false };
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(elementalAttunement, state, {
+      elements: { fire: { current: 100, max: 100, unlocked: true } },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when element mana is insufficient', () => {
+    const state: DisciplineState = { id: 'elemental-attunement', xp: 10000, paused: false };
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(elementalAttunement, state, {
+      elements: { fire: { current: 0, max: 100, unlocked: true } },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when no game state provided (optimistic)', () => {
+    const state: DisciplineState = { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 100, paused: false };
+    const result = canProceedDiscipline(rawMastery, state, undefined);
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── getUnlockedPerks ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getUnlockedPerks', () => {
+  it('should return empty array when no perks are unlocked', () => {
+    const result = getUnlockedPerks(rawMastery, 0);
+    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('should return once perk when threshold is met', () => {
+    const result = getUnlockedPerks(rawMastery, 100);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('raw-mastery-1');
+  });
+
+  it('should return both once and infinite perks when both thresholds are met', () => {
+    const result = getUnlockedPerks(rawMastery, 500);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.map(p => p.id)).toContain('raw-mastery-1');
+    expect(result.map(p => p.id)).toContain('raw-mastery-2');
+  });
+
+  it('should return all perks at high xp', () => {
+    const result = getUnlockedPerks(rawMastery, 10000);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should return capped perk when threshold is met', () => {
+    const result = getUnlockedPerks(cappedPerkDiscipline, 100);
+    expect(result.length).toBe(1);
+    expect(result[0].id).toBe('capped-1');
+  });
+
+  it('should return empty for xp just below threshold', () => {
+    const result = getUnlockedPerks(rawMastery, 99);
+    expect(result).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── calculateDisciplineStats ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('calculateDisciplineStats', () => {
+  it('should return empty stats for empty arrays', () => {
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats([], []);
+    expect(result).toEqual({});
+  });
+
+  it('should return empty stats when all disciplines are paused', () => {
+    const states: DisciplineState[] = [
+      { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 1000, paused: true },
+    ];
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats([rawMastery], states);
+    expect(result).toEqual({});
+  });
+
+  it('should calculate stats for active discipline', () => {
+    const states: DisciplineState[] = [
+      { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 50, paused: false },
+    ];
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats([rawMastery], states);
+    expect(result.maxManaBonus).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should sum stats from multiple active disciplines', () => {
+    const disciplines = [rawMastery, elementalAttunement];
+    const states: DisciplineState[] = [
+      { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 50, paused: false },
+      { id: 'elemental-attunement', xp: 75, paused: false },
+    ];
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats(disciplines, states);
+    expect(result.maxManaBonus).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.elementCap_fire).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should skip paused disciplines', () => {
+    const disciplines = [rawMastery, elementalAttunement];
+    const states: DisciplineState[] = [
+      { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 50, paused: false },
+      { id: 'elemental-attunement', xp: 75, paused: true },
+    ];
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats(disciplines, states);
+    expect(result.maxManaBonus).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.elementCap_fire).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should handle missing state for a discipline', () => {
+    const disciplines = [rawMastery, elementalAttunement];
+    const states: DisciplineState[] = [
+      { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 50, paused: false },
+    ];
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats(disciplines, states);
+    expect(result.maxManaBonus).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.elementCap_fire).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should return zero stat bonus for zero xp', () => {
+    const states: DisciplineState[] = [
+      { id: 'raw-mastery', xp: 0, paused: false },
+    ];
+    const result = calculateDisciplineStats([rawMastery], states);
+    expect(result.maxManaBonus).toBe(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/game/__tests__/floor-utils.test.ts b/src/lib/game/__tests__/floor-utils.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6b4855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/game/__tests__/floor-utils.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { getFloorMaxHP, getFloorElement } from '../utils/floor-utils';
+
+// ─── getFloorMaxHP ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getFloorMaxHP', () => {
+  it('should return positive HP for floor 1', () => {
+    expect(getFloorMaxHP(1)).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should return base HP of 100 + scaling for floor 1', () => {
+    // baseHP=100 + floorScaling=50 + exponentialScaling=1 = 151
+    expect(getFloorMaxHP(1)).toBe(151);
+  });
+
+  it('should scale with floor number', () => {
+    const hp1 = getFloorMaxHP(1);
+    const hp5 = getFloorMaxHP(5);
+    const hp10 = getFloorMaxHP(10);
+    expect(hp5).toBeGreaterThan(hp1);
+    expect(hp10).toBeGreaterThan(hp5);
+  });
+
+  it('should return much higher HP for guardian floors', () => {
+    const hp9 = getFloorMaxHP(9);
+    const hp10 = getFloorMaxHP(10); // Ignis Prime guardian
+    expect(hp10).toBeGreaterThan(hp9 * 2);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle high floors', () => {
+    const hp100 = getFloorMaxHP(100);
+    expect(hp100).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(isFinite(hp100)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('should be monotonically increasing for non-guardian floors', () => {
+    let prev = getFloorMaxHP(1);
+    for (let f = 2; f <= 9; f++) {
+      const curr = getFloorMaxHP(f);
+      expect(curr).toBeGreaterThan(prev);
+      prev = curr;
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── getFloorElement ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getFloorElement', () => {
+  it('should return a string element', () => {
+    expect(typeof getFloorElement(1)).toBe('string');
+  });
+
+  it('should return valid element names', () => {
+    const validElements = ['fire', 'water', 'air', 'earth', 'light', 'dark', 'death'];
+    for (let f = 1; f <= 20; f++) {
+      expect(validElements).toContain(getFloorElement(f));
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should cycle through 7 elements', () => {
+    // Floor 1 and floor 8 should have the same element (cycle of 7)
+    expect(getFloorElement(1)).toBe(getFloorElement(8));
+    expect(getFloorElement(2)).toBe(getFloorElement(9));
+    expect(getFloorElement(7)).toBe(getFloorElement(14));
+  });
+
+  it('should return fire for floor 1', () => {
+    expect(getFloorElement(1)).toBe('fire');
+  });
+
+  it('should return water for floor 2', () => {
+    expect(getFloorElement(2)).toBe('water');
+  });
+
+  it('should return death for floor 7', () => {
+    expect(getFloorElement(7)).toBe('death');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle high floor numbers', () => {
+    const elem = getFloorElement(100);
+    expect(typeof elem).toBe('string');
+    expect(elem.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/game/__tests__/formatting.test.ts b/src/lib/game/__tests__/formatting.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7b2910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/game/__tests__/formatting.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  fmt,
+  fmtDec,
+  formatSpellCost,
+  getSpellCostColor,
+  formatStudyTime,
+  formatHour,
+} from '../utils/formatting';
+
+// ─── fmt ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('fmt', () => {
+  it('should format zero as "0"', () => {
+    expect(fmt(0)).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('should format numbers < 1000 as integers', () => {
+    expect(fmt(1)).toBe('1');
+    expect(fmt(500)).toBe('500');
+    expect(fmt(999)).toBe('999');
+  });
+
+  it('should format thousands with K suffix', () => {
+    expect(fmt(1000)).toBe('1.0K');
+    expect(fmt(1500)).toBe('1.5K');
+    expect(fmt(9999)).toBe('10.0K');
+    expect(fmt(10000)).toBe('10.0K');
+    expect(fmt(999999)).toBe('1000.0K');
+  });
+
+  it('should format millions with M suffix', () => {
+    expect(fmt(1000000)).toBe('1.00M');
+    expect(fmt(1500000)).toBe('1.50M');
+    expect(fmt(999999999)).toBe('1000.00M');
+  });
+
+  it('should format billions with B suffix', () => {
+    expect(fmt(1000000000)).toBe('1.00B');
+    expect(fmt(1500000000)).toBe('1.50B');
+    expect(fmt(2500000000)).toBe('2.50B');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle negative numbers', () => {
+    expect(fmt(-500)).toBe('-500');
+    // fmt uses Math.floor which doesn't add suffixes for negatives
+    expect(fmt(-1500)).toBe('-1500');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle NaN', () => {
+    expect(fmt(NaN)).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle Infinity', () => {
+    expect(fmt(Infinity)).toBe('0');
+    expect(fmt(-Infinity)).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle very large numbers', () => {
+    expect(fmt(1e12)).toBe('1000.00B');
+    expect(fmt(1e15)).toBe('1000000.00B');
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── fmtDec ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('fmtDec', () => {
+  it('should format with default 1 decimal', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(1.5)).toBe('1.5');
+    expect(fmtDec(10.0)).toBe('10.0');
+  });
+
+  it('should format with specified decimals', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(1.234, 2)).toBe('1.23');
+    expect(fmtDec(1.235, 2)).toBe('1.24'); // rounds
+    expect(fmtDec(1.999, 0)).toBe('2');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle zero', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(0, 1)).toBe('0.0');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle negative numbers', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(-1.5, 1)).toBe('-1.5');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle NaN', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(NaN, 1)).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle Infinity', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(Infinity, 1)).toBe('0');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle large numbers', () => {
+    expect(fmtDec(1234567.89, 2)).toBe('1234567.89');
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── formatSpellCost ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('formatSpellCost', () => {
+  it('should format raw cost', () => {
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 10 })).toBe('10 raw');
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'raw', amount: 0 })).toBe('0 raw');
+  });
+
+  it('should format elemental cost with symbol', () => {
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 })).toBe('5 🔥');
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'water', amount: 3 })).toBe('3 💧');
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'earth', amount: 10 })).toBe('10 ⛰️');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle unknown element', () => {
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: 'unknown', amount: 5 })).toBe('5 ?');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle empty element', () => {
+    expect(formatSpellCost({ type: 'element', element: '', amount: 5 })).toBe('5 ?');
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── getSpellCostColor ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getSpellCostColor', () => {
+  it('should return blue for raw cost', () => {
+    expect(getSpellCostColor({ type: 'raw', amount: 10 })).toBe('#60A5FA');
+  });
+
+  it('should return element color for elemental cost', () => {
+    expect(getSpellCostColor({ type: 'element', element: 'fire', amount: 5 })).toBe('#FF6B35');
+    expect(getSpellCostColor({ type: 'element', element: 'water', amount: 5 })).toBe('#4ECDC4');
+    expect(getSpellCostColor({ type: 'element', element: 'light', amount: 5 })).toBe('#FFD700');
+  });
+
+  it('should return gray for unknown element', () => {
+    expect(getSpellCostColor({ type: 'element', element: 'unknown', amount: 5 })).toBe('#9CA3AF');
+  });
+
+  it('should return gray for empty element', () => {
+    expect(getSpellCostColor({ type: 'element', element: '', amount: 5 })).toBe('#9CA3AF');
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── formatStudyTime ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('formatStudyTime', () => {
+  it('should format hours when >= 1', () => {
+    expect(formatStudyTime(1)).toBe('1.0h');
+    expect(formatStudyTime(2.5)).toBe('2.5h');
+    expect(formatStudyTime(10)).toBe('10.0h');
+  });
+
+  it('should format minutes when < 1 hour', () => {
+    expect(formatStudyTime(0.5)).toBe('30m');
+    expect(formatStudyTime(0.25)).toBe('15m');
+    expect(formatStudyTime(0.0167)).toBe('1m'); // ~1 minute
+  });
+
+  it('should handle zero', () => {
+    expect(formatStudyTime(0)).toBe('0m');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle very small values', () => {
+    // 0.001 hours * 60 = 0.06 min, Math.round(0.06) = 0
+    expect(formatStudyTime(0.001)).toBe('0m');
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── formatHour ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('formatHour', () => {
+  it('should format midnight', () => {
+    expect(formatHour(0)).toBe('00:00');
+  });
+
+  it('should format noon', () => {
+    expect(formatHour(12)).toBe('12:00');
+  });
+
+  it('should format morning hours', () => {
+    expect(formatHour(8)).toBe('08:00');
+    expect(formatHour(9.5)).toBe('09:30');
+  });
+
+  it('should format evening hours', () => {
+    expect(formatHour(18)).toBe('18:00');
+    expect(formatHour(23.75)).toBe('23:45');
+  });
+
+  it('should pad single-digit hours', () => {
+    expect(formatHour(1)).toBe('01:00');
+    expect(formatHour(5.25)).toBe('05:15');
+  });
+
+  it('should pad minutes', () => {
+    // 12.01: 0.01*60=0.6, floor=0 → '12:00'
+    expect(formatHour(12.01)).toBe('12:00');
+    // 12.1: 0.1*60=5.999... due to floating point, floor=5 → '12:05'
+    expect(formatHour(12.1)).toBe('12:05');
+  });
+
+  it('should handle fractional hours', () => {
+    expect(formatHour(14.5)).toBe('14:30');
+    expect(formatHour(14.25)).toBe('14:15');
+    expect(formatHour(14.75)).toBe('14:45');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/lib/game/__tests__/mana-utils.test.ts b/src/lib/game/__tests__/mana-utils.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42bf8f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/game/__tests__/mana-utils.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import {
+  computeMaxMana,
+  computeRegen,
+  computeClickMana,
+  getMeditationBonus,
+  computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay,
+} from '../utils/mana-utils';
+import { HOURS_PER_TICK } from '../constants';
+
+// ─── computeMaxMana ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('computeMaxMana', () => {
+  const baseState = {
+    skills: {},
+    prestigeUpgrades: {},
+    skillUpgrades: {},
+    skillTiers: {},
+  };
+
+  it('should return base 100 with no skills or upgrades', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana(baseState);
+    expect(result).toBe(100);
+  });
+
+  it('should add 100 per manaWell skill level', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana({
+      ...baseState,
+      skills: { manaWell: 3 },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(100 + 3 * 100);
+  });
+
+  it('should add 500 per manaWell prestige upgrade', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana({
+      ...baseState,
+      prestigeUpgrades: { manaWell: 2 },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(100 + 2 * 500);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply maxManaBonus from effects', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana(baseState, {
+      maxManaBonus: 50,
+      maxManaMultiplier: 1,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(150);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply maxManaMultiplier from effects', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana(baseState, {
+      maxManaBonus: 0,
+      maxManaMultiplier: 2,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(200);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply both bonus and multiplier', () => {
+    // (100 + 50) * 1.5 = 225
+    const result = computeMaxMana(baseState, {
+      maxManaBonus: 50,
+      maxManaMultiplier: 1.5,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(225);
+  });
+
+  it('should add discipline bonus', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana(baseState, undefined, {
+      bonuses: { maxManaBonus: 200 },
+      multipliers: {},
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(300);
+  });
+
+  it('should floor the result', () => {
+    const result = computeMaxMana(baseState, {
+      maxManaBonus: 0,
+      maxManaMultiplier: 1.33,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(133); // floor(133)
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── computeRegen ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('computeRegen', () => {
+  const baseState = {
+    skills: {},
+    prestigeUpgrades: {},
+    skillUpgrades: {},
+    skillTiers: {},
+    attunements: {},
+  };
+
+  it('should return base regen of 2 with no skills', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen(baseState);
+    expect(result).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should add 1 per manaFlow skill level', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen({
+      ...baseState,
+      skills: { manaFlow: 3 },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(5); // 2 + 3
+  });
+
+  it('should add 2 per manaSpring skill level', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen({
+      ...baseState,
+      skills: { manaSpring: 2 },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(6); // 2 + 4
+  });
+
+  it('should add 0.5 per manaFlow prestige upgrade', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen({
+      ...baseState,
+      prestigeUpgrades: { manaFlow: 4 },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(4); // 2 + 2
+  });
+
+  it('should apply temporalEcho bonus', () => {
+    // temporalEcho=1 → 1.1x multiplier → 2 * 1.1 = 2.2
+    const result = computeRegen({
+      ...baseState,
+      prestigeUpgrades: { temporalEcho: 1 },
+    });
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(2.2, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply regenBonus from effects', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen(baseState, {
+      regenBonus: 3,
+      regenMultiplier: 1,
+      permanentRegenBonus: 0,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(5);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply regenMultiplier from effects', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen(baseState, {
+      regenBonus: 0,
+      regenMultiplier: 2,
+      permanentRegenBonus: 0,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(4);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply permanentRegenBonus from effects', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen(baseState, {
+      regenBonus: 0,
+      regenMultiplier: 1,
+      permanentRegenBonus: 5,
+    } as any);
+    expect(result).toBe(7);
+  });
+
+  it('should add discipline regen bonus', () => {
+    const result = computeRegen(baseState, undefined, {
+      bonuses: { regenBonus: 10 },
+      multipliers: {},
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(12);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── computeClickMana ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('computeClickMana', () => {
+  it('should return 1 with no skills', () => {
+    const result = computeClickMana({ skills: {} });
+    expect(result).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should add 1 per manaTap skill level', () => {
+    const result = computeClickMana({ skills: { manaTap: 3 } });
+    expect(result).toBe(4); // 1 + 3
+  });
+
+  it('should add 3 per manaSurge skill level', () => {
+    const result = computeClickMana({ skills: { manaSurge: 2 } });
+    expect(result).toBe(7); // 1 + 6
+  });
+
+  it('should combine manaTap and manaSurge', () => {
+    const result = computeClickMana({ skills: { manaTap: 2, manaSurge: 1 } });
+    expect(result).toBe(6); // 1 + 2 + 3
+  });
+
+  it('should add discipline click multiplier', () => {
+    const result = computeClickMana({ skills: {} }, {
+      bonuses: { clickManaMultiplier: 5 },
+      multipliers: {},
+    });
+    expect(result).toBe(6);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── getMeditationBonus ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('getMeditationBonus', () => {
+  it('should return 1.0 with zero ticks', () => {
+    expect(getMeditationBonus(0, {})).toBe(1.0);
+  });
+
+  it('should increase with more ticks', () => {
+    const low = getMeditationBonus(10, {});
+    const high = getMeditationBonus(100, {});
+    expect(high).toBeGreaterThan(low);
+  });
+
+  it('should cap at 1.5x without meditation skill', () => {
+    // After 4 hours: 1 + min(4/4, 0.5) = 1.5
+    const ticksFor4Hours = 4 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor4Hours, {});
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(1.5, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should reach 2.5x with meditation skill after 4 hours', () => {
+    const ticksFor4Hours = 4 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor4Hours, { meditation: 1 });
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(2.5, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should reach 3.0x with deep trance after 6 hours', () => {
+    const ticksFor6Hours = 6 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor6Hours, {
+      meditation: 1,
+      deepTrance: 1,
+    });
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(3.0, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should reach 5.0x with void meditation after 8 hours', () => {
+    const ticksFor8Hours = 8 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor8Hours, {
+      meditation: 1,
+      deepTrance: 1,
+      voidMeditation: 1,
+    });
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(5.0, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should reach cap at 2 hours (min(2/4, 0.5) = 0.5)', () => {
+    // At 2 hours: min(2/4, 0.5) = min(0.5, 0.5) = 0.5 → 1.5x
+    const ticksFor2Hours = 2 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor2Hours, {});
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(1.5, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should be below cap at 1 hour', () => {
+    const ticksFor1Hour = 1 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor1Hour, {});
+    expect(result).toBeLessThan(1.5);
+  });
+
+  it('should apply meditation efficiency multiplier', () => {
+    const ticksFor4Hours = 4 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const withoutEff = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor4Hours, {}, 1);
+    const withEff = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor4Hours, {}, 2);
+    expect(withEff).toBeCloseTo(withoutEff * 2, 5);
+  });
+
+  it('should ramp linearly before cap', () => {
+    // At 1 hour: 1 + min(1/4, 0.5) = 1 + 0.25 = 1.25
+    const ticksFor1Hour = 1 / HOURS_PER_TICK;
+    const result = getMeditationBonus(ticksFor1Hour, {});
+    expect(result).toBeCloseTo(1.25, 5);
+  });
+});
+
+// ─── computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+describe('computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay', () => {
+  const baseState = {
+    skills: {},
+    prestigeUpgrades: {},
+    skillUpgrades: {},
+    skillTiers: {},
+    attunements: {},
+  };
+
+  it('should return raw, conversion, and effective regen', () => {
+    const result = computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay(baseState);
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty('rawRegen');
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty('conversionDrain');
+    expect(result).toHaveProperty('effectiveRegen');
+  });
+
+  it('should have effectiveRegen equal to rawRegen with no conversion drain', () => {
+    const result = computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay(baseState);
+    expect(result.rawRegen).toBe(2);
+    expect(result.conversionDrain).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.effectiveRegen).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should not let effectiveRegen go below zero', () => {
+    // This would require a state with high conversion drain
+    // We can't easily test this without attunement data, but we can verify the Math.max behavior
+    const result = computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay(baseState);
+    expect(result.effectiveRegen).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+  });
+
+  it('should calculate effective as raw minus conversion', () => {
+    const result = computeEffectiveRegenForDisplay(baseState);
+    expect(result.effectiveRegen).toBe(Math.max(0, result.rawRegen - result.conversionDrain));
+  });
+});