feat: overhaul mana conversion system to unified regen-deduction model

- New files: element-distance.ts, conversion-costs.ts, conversion-rates.ts
- All conversion types (discipline, attunement, pact) use unified formula
- Conversion costs scale exponentially by element tier (10^(d+1) raw, 10*(d+1) per component)
- Costs deducted from regen, not from mana pool
- Auto-pause on insufficient regen with UI warning
- Meditation boosts conversion rates (reduced by distance)
- Attunement levels provide +50% multiplicative bonus per level
- Guardian pacts provide +0.15/hr base rate + invoker level bonus
- Removed convertMana, processConvertAction, craftComposite from manaStore
- Stats tab shows per-element conversion breakdown with formulas
- ManaDisplay shows per-element net regen rates
- All 916 tests pass, all files under 400 lines

src/lib/game/effects/discipline-effects.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // ─── Discipline Effects ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 // Computes bonuses from active disciplines and integrates with the unified effect system
+//
+// NEW MODEL: Conversion disciplines contribute to conversion_{element} stat bonuses.
+// The unified conversion-rates.ts calculator handles rate computation and regen deduction.
+// This file no longer builds a direct conversions map for the tick pipeline.
 
 import type { DisciplineStoreState } from '../stores/discipline-slice';
 import type { DisciplineState } from '../types/disciplines';
@@ -32,21 +36,40 @@ const KNOWN_BONUS_STATS = new Set([
   'disciplineXpBonus',
   'clickManaMultiplier',
   'studySpeed',
+  // Conversion stat bonuses (one per element)
+  'conversion_fire',
+  'conversion_water',
+  'conversion_air',
+  'conversion_earth',
+  'conversion_light',
+  'conversion_dark',
+  'conversion_death',
+  'conversion_transference',
+  'conversion_metal',
+  'conversion_sand',
+  'conversion_lightning',
+  'conversion_frost',
+  'conversion_blackflame',
+  'conversion_radiantflames',
+  'conversion_miasma',
+  'conversion_shadowglass',
+  'conversion_crystal',
+  'conversion_stellar',
+  'conversion_void',
+  'conversion_soul',
+  'conversion_plasma',
+  'conversion_time',
 ]);
 
 export interface DisciplineEffectsResult {
   bonuses: Record<string, number>;
   multipliers: Record<string, number>;
   specials: Set<string>;
-  /**
-   * Bonus to the meditation multiplier cap from disciplines.
-   * Each point of meditationCapBonus adds +0.5 to the max meditation multiplier.
-   */
   meditationCapBonus: number;
   /**
    * Conversion entries: for each active discipline with a conversionRate,
    * maps target mana type → { rate, sourceManaTypes }.
-   * The tick pipeline drains source mana types and adds to the target.
+   * Used by the unified conversion calculator for rate computation.
    */
   conversions: Record<string, { rate: number; sourceManaTypes: string[] }>;
 }
@@ -77,15 +100,15 @@ export function computeDisciplineEffects(_state?: DisciplineStoreState): Discipl
   }
 
   for (const { disc, def } of activeDiscs) {
-    // Continuous stat bonus
+    // Continuous stat bonus (includes conversion_{element} for regen disciplines)
     const statBonus = calculateStatBonus(def.statBonus.baseValue, disc.xp, def.scalingFactor);
     if (def.statBonus.stat) {
       addBonus(def.statBonus.stat, statBonus);
     }
 
     // Conversion entry — if this discipline defines conversionRate
+    // This is used by the unified conversion calculator
     if (def.conversionRate && def.sourceManaTypes && def.sourceManaTypes.length > 0) {
-      // Scale the conversion rate by the stat bonus multiplier
       const scaledRate = def.conversionRate + statBonus;
       conversions[def.manaType] = {
         rate: scaledRate,
@@ -102,7 +125,6 @@ export function computeDisciplineEffects(_state?: DisciplineStoreState): Discipl
         } else if (!perk.unlocksEffects) {
           specials.add(perk.id);
         }
-        // Perks with unlocksEffects are handled by discipline-slice.ts processTick()
       } else if (perk.type === 'infinite') {
         if (perk.bonus) {
           const interval = perk.value;